The effect of periodontal therapy on neopterin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 levels in chronic periodontitis patients with and without acute myocardial infarction: a case-control study

Abstract The presence of neopterin in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is a marker for local and acute immune activation, and the presence of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) in GCF is accepted as a marker for chronic vascular inflammation. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate effects of periodontal treatment on GCF levels of neopterin and VCAM-1 in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) compared with systemically healthy CP patients. Material and methods Sixty subjects (20 CP patients with AMI, 20 healthy CP patients, and 20 healthy controls) were included. GCF samples were analyzed at baseline and after 3 and 6 months, and the probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing, gingival (GI) and plaque (PI) indices were recorded. We determined neopterin and VCAM-1 levels (concentration and total amount) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). No significant differences were seen between the AMI+CP and CP groups for PI, GI, GCF levels of neopterin and VCAM-1 at baseline. Results The number of teeth with 5 mm≤CAL<7 mm and CAL≥7 mm were significantly increased in the AMI+CP group at baseline. There were no significant differences between the AMI+CP and CP for PI, CAL, GCF volumes, and the AMI+CP group had the highest clinical improvement in the number of teeth with 5 mm≤CAL<7 mm at the sixth month. There were significant positive correlations between clinical periodontal inflammation and the presence of neopterin and VCAM-1 in GCF prior to and following periodontal treatment, and between the GCF volume and clinical parameters. Conclusions Data suggest that the total amount and concentration of neopterin and VCAM-1 in GCF seemed to be closely associated with periodontal disease severity in CP patients with AMI. Moreover, the results of our study demonstrate that the past periodontal status is potentially correlated between groups, with similar periodontal disease severity.

Estimation of salivary neopterin in chronic periodontitis.

Background: Periodontal diseases are the most common bacterial infection predominantly associated with Gram‑negative microorganisms that exist in the subgingival biofilm. Analysis of saliva provides a noninvasive means of evaluating the role of the host response in periodontal disease. Though salivary enzymes can be used as the biomarkers, neopterin has been recently used as one of the important diagnostic tools in the field of periodontics. Hence, we aimed to identify the neopterin levels in unsimulated saliva from the chronic periodontitis patients and compare them with the periodontally healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: Twenty subjects participated in the study and were categorized as the experimental group (chronic periodontitis patients) and control groups (healthy subjects). Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from both the groups for neopterin estimation. Neopterin in saliva was estimated using Shimadzu High Performance Liquid Chromatography with LC‑20AD pump system, equipped with RF‑10 AXL fluorescence detector. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were expressed as mean ± SD and analyzed using GraphPad Prism version 6.0 (California, USA). Statistical analysis was done by Student’s t‑test Results: The neopterin level in unstimulated saliva was found to be higher in the experimental group than the control group with P ≤ 0.05. Conclusions: The chronic periodontitis patients showed higher neopterin level in unstimulated saliva as compared to control. Hence, neopterin can be used as a potential biomarker for identification of the periodontal disease in its initial stage can help in preventing the disease progression.

Quantificação dos niveis sericos de anticorpos anti-PGL-I, neopterina e proteina C reativa em pacientes com hanseniase durante a poliquimioterapia / ?

A hanseniase e doença infecciosa, causada pelo Mycobacterium leprae, um parasita intracelular obrigatorio nao cultivavel em meios artificiais. Esta doença pode se manifestar sob amplo espectro clinico, correspondendo a distintos padroes da resposta imunologica do hospedeiro ao M. leprae. Em um polo deste espectro, esta a forma de resistencia ao bacilo, a hanseniase tuberculoide (HT), na qual se desenvolve acentuada resposta imune celular especifica com efetivo controle da mutilaçao bacilar. O outro polo do espectro esta representado pela hanseniase virchoviana (HV), forma de baixa resistencia, em que a resposta imune celular seletivamente falha em eliminar o bacilo do organismo, resultando na disseminaçao da doença. O grupo dimorfo (HD) apresenta manifestaçoes intermediarias variaveis entre HT e HV, de acordo com o grau de resposta imune ao M. leprae. Considerando que na hanseniase existem poucos estudos avaliando os niveis sericos de anticorpos anti-PGL-I, neopterina e proteina C reativa (CRP) no momento do diagnostico e durante o tratamento poliquimioterapico, realizamos este estudo com os sguintes objetivos: A. Avaliar a resposta imune e inflamatoria de pacientes com hanseniase no momento do diagnostico e aos 2, 4, 6 e 12 meses de tratamento com poliquimioterapia (PQT) e nos estados reacionais, mediante a determinaçao dos niveis sericos de anti-PGL-I, de neopterina e de CRP....

Caracterização da resposta inflamatória após implante de stent em pacientes com angina estável: Papel do Ultrassom intracoronário / Characterization of the inflammatory response following coronary stent implantation in stable angina patients: role of intravascular ultrasound

Para avaliar a correlação entre a resposta inflamatória (RI) pós-implante de "stent" coronário (SC) e a composição de placa, 30 pacientes com angina estável (PAE) realizaram ultrassom intracoronário (UIC) antes do SC. As placas foram classificadas em calcificadas, fibrocalcificadas (FC), fibrolipídicas (FL) ou lipídicas. As lesões angiográficas também foram analisadas. Sangue do seio coronário foi coletado antes e 15 minutos depois do SC para a dosagem dos marcadores inflamatórios (MI): interleucina-6 (IL-6), fator de necrose tumoral-a, interferon-g (IFN) e neopterina. Todos os MI se modificaram significativamente apenas para as placas FC e FL. Apenas IL-6 e IFN aumentaram para as lesões B1 e B2. Assim, UIC foi capaz de identificar placas propensas a uma RI aguda de maior grau após SC em PAE.In order to access the correlation between the inflammatory response (IR) post-coronary stenting (CS) and plaque composition, 30 stable angina patients (SAP) underwent intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) before CS. Plaques were classified as calcified, fibrocalcified (FC), fibrolipidic (FL) or lipid. Angiographic lesion types were also analyzed. Coronary sinus blood was collected before and 15 minutes after CS for the measurement of inflammatory markers (IM): interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumoral necrosis factor-a, interferon-g (IFN) and neopterin. All IM changed markedly only for FC and FL plaques. Only lesions B1 and B2 resulted changes for IL-6 and IFN. Thus, IVUS is able to identify plaques prone to a greater acute IR following CS in SAP...